types:
downfall,
precipitation
the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)
wave
a persistent and widespread unusual weather condition (especially of unusual temperatures)
elements
violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)
airstream
a relatively well-defined prevailing wind
calm,
calm air
wind moving at less than 1 knot; 0 on the Beaufort scale
harmattan
a dusty wind from the Sahara that blows toward the western coast of Africa during the winter
crosswind
wind blowing across the path of a ship or aircraft
foehn,
fohn
a warm dry wind that blows down the northern slopes of the Alps
khamsin
an oppressively hot southerly wind from the Sahara that blows across Egypt in the spring
Santa Ana
a strong hot dry wind that blows in winter from the deserts of southern California toward the Pacific Coast
headwind
wind blowing opposite to the path of a ship or aircraft
tailwind
an air current blowing in the same direction as the path of a ship or aircraft
doldrums
a belt of calms and light winds between the northern and southern trade winds of the Atlantic and Pacific
gale
a strong wind moving 34–40 knots; force 8 on Beaufort scale
hail
precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents
monsoon
a seasonal wind in southern Asia; blows from the southwest (bringing rain) in summer and from the northeast in winter
monsoon
any wind that changes direction with the seasons
rain,
rainfall
water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere
samiel,
simoom,
simoon
a violent hot sand-laden wind on the deserts of Arabia and North Africa
sleet
partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)
snow,
snowfall
precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals
virga
light wispy precipitation that evaporates before it reaches the ground (especially when the lower air is low in humidity)
squall
sudden violent winds; often accompanied by precipitation
draft,
draught
a current of air (usually coming into a chimney or room or vehicle)
air mass
a large body of air with uniform characteristics horizontally
anticyclone
(meteorology) winds spiraling outward from a high pressure center; circling clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern
cyclone
(meteorology) rapid inward circulation of air masses about a low pressure center; circling counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern
calmness
an absence of strong winds or rain